Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-18332
Publication type: Conference paper
Type of review: Peer review (publication)
Title: User-based redistribution in free-floating bike sharing systems
Authors: Heitz, Christoph
Etschmann, Roman
Stoeckle, Raoul
Bachmann, Thomas
Templ, Matthias
et. al: No
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69
10.21256/zhaw-18332
Proceedings: Operations Research Proceedings 2018
Page(s): 555
Pages to: 562
Conference details: Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (GOR), Brussels, Belgium, 12-14 September 2018
Issue Date: 2019
Series: Operations Research Proceedings
Publisher / Ed. Institution: Springer
Publisher / Ed. Institution: Cham
ISBN: 978-3-030-18499-5
978-3-030-18500-8
Language: English
Subjects: Bike sharing; Mobility; Operations management; Simulation
Subject (DDC): 003: Systems
Abstract: We investigate the problem of user-based redistribution for free-floating bike sharing systems (BSS). We present a stochastic model of the bike dynamics and we show that the spatial distribution of bikes is correlated. This is specific to free-floating systems and it results in a substantially reduced service level. Offering incentives to users may stimulate them to change their behavior and usage pattern. We analyze drop-off incentives, derive an incentive methodology and study its potential. We show that by implementing a smart incentive system, the number of bikes for establishing a specific service level can be reduced significantly, even if only a minority of users participates. Under realistic behavioral assumptions, 30–50% reduction of bikes is achievable, which converts into substantial costs savings for the operator. Our research was carried out in the context of the development of the new e-bike sharing system “smide” in Zurich, launched in 2017. The incentive approach has been implemented and tested in a field test.
URI: https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/18332
Fulltext version: Accepted version
License (according to publishing contract): Licence according to publishing contract
Departement: School of Engineering
Organisational Unit: Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design (IDP)
Published as part of the ZHAW project: Entwicklung eines stationsungebundenen E-Bike-Sharing-Services mit Nutzer-Coproduction
Appears in collections:Publikationen School of Engineering

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Heitz, C., Etschmann, R., Stoeckle, R., Bachmann, T., & Templ, M. (2019). User-based redistribution in free-floating bike sharing systems [Conference paper]. Operations Research Proceedings 2018, 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69
Heitz, C. et al. (2019) ‘User-based redistribution in free-floating bike sharing systems’, in Operations Research Proceedings 2018. Cham: Springer, pp. 555–562. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69.
C. Heitz, R. Etschmann, R. Stoeckle, T. Bachmann, and M. Templ, “User-based redistribution in free-floating bike sharing systems,” in Operations Research Proceedings 2018, 2019, pp. 555–562. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69.
HEITZ, Christoph, Roman ETSCHMANN, Raoul STOECKLE, Thomas BACHMANN und Matthias TEMPL, 2019. User-based redistribution in free-floating bike sharing systems. In: Operations Research Proceedings 2018. Conference paper. Cham: Springer. 2019. S. 555–562. ISBN 978-3-030-18499-5
Heitz, Christoph, Roman Etschmann, Raoul Stoeckle, Thomas Bachmann, and Matthias Templ. 2019. “User-Based Redistribution in Free-Floating Bike Sharing Systems.” Conference paper. In Operations Research Proceedings 2018, 555–62. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69.
Heitz, Christoph, et al. “User-Based Redistribution in Free-Floating Bike Sharing Systems.” Operations Research Proceedings 2018, Springer, 2019, pp. 555–62, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_69.


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