Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-25664
Publication type: Article in scientific journal
Type of review: Peer review (publication)
Title: Comparison of the aroma composition and sensory properties of dark chocolates made with moist incubated and fermented cocoa beans
Authors: Schlüter, Ansgar
Hühn, Tilo
Kneubühl, Markus
Chatelain, Karin
Rohn, Sascha
Chetschik, Irene
et. al: No
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238
10.21256/zhaw-25664
Published in: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume(Issue): 70
Issue: 13
Page(s): 4057
Pages to: 4065
Issue Date: 6-Apr-2022
Publisher / Ed. Institution: American Chemical Society
ISSN: 0021-8561
1520-5118
Language: English
Subjects: Cocoa aroma formation; Cocoa incubation; Cocoa postharvest treatment; Dark chocolate; Sensory evaluation; Odorant; Gaschromatography-olfactometry; Cacao; Chocolate; Volatile organic compound
Subject (DDC): 664: Food technology
Abstract: In a previous investigation, "moist incubation" was described as a novel postharvest treatment for cocoa and the aroma composition of the resulting cocoa nibs was compared to unfermented and fermented cocoa nibs. For this treatment, unfermented and dried nibs are rehydrated with an aqueous solution containing lactic acid and ethanol to adjust the pH value and are subsequently incubated at 45 °C under aerobic conditions for 72 h before drying. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensory properties and aroma composition of dark chocolates made of these materials after roasting. Therefore, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) in combination with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantitation with isotopically labeled standards, odor activity value (OAV) determination, and sensory analysis were performed. The three different chocolates had distinct sensory and OAV profiles. The sensory profiles showed a higher intensity of fruity aroma notes and a lower intensity of bitterness and astringency in the chocolate made with the moist incubated cocoa, while the chocolate made of fermented cocoa reached higher scores in the roasty aroma notes. Furthermore, higher OAVs were determined for the Strecker aldehydes in the chocolate made of the moist incubated cocoa, whereas higher OAVs for the pyrazines and the acids were detected in the chocolate made of fermented cocoa. In contrast, the chocolate produced with the unfermented cocoa showed low cocoa specific aroma notes and high levels of astringency and bitterness. The detected differences reveal interesting insights into the influence of different postharvest treatments on the resulting aroma composition in the final chocolate. Furthermore, the alternative postharvest treatment was demonstrated to result in chocolates with a pleasant sensory profile.
URI: https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/25664
Fulltext version: Accepted version
License (according to publishing contract): Licence according to publishing contract
Departement: Life Sciences and Facility Management
Organisational Unit: Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation (ILGI)
Appears in collections:Publikationen Life Sciences und Facility Management

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Schlüter, A., Hühn, T., Kneubühl, M., Chatelain, K., Rohn, S., & Chetschik, I. (2022). Comparison of the aroma composition and sensory properties of dark chocolates made with moist incubated and fermented cocoa beans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(13), 4057–4065. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238
Schlüter, A. et al. (2022) ‘Comparison of the aroma composition and sensory properties of dark chocolates made with moist incubated and fermented cocoa beans’, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(13), pp. 4057–4065. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238.
A. Schlüter, T. Hühn, M. Kneubühl, K. Chatelain, S. Rohn, and I. Chetschik, “Comparison of the aroma composition and sensory properties of dark chocolates made with moist incubated and fermented cocoa beans,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 70, no. 13, pp. 4057–4065, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238.
SCHLÜTER, Ansgar, Tilo HÜHN, Markus KNEUBÜHL, Karin CHATELAIN, Sascha ROHN und Irene CHETSCHIK, 2022. Comparison of the aroma composition and sensory properties of dark chocolates made with moist incubated and fermented cocoa beans. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 6 April 2022. Bd. 70, Nr. 13, S. 4057–4065. DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238
Schlüter, Ansgar, Tilo Hühn, Markus Kneubühl, Karin Chatelain, Sascha Rohn, and Irene Chetschik. 2022. “Comparison of the Aroma Composition and Sensory Properties of Dark Chocolates Made with Moist Incubated and Fermented Cocoa Beans.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 70 (13): 4057–65. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238.
Schlüter, Ansgar, et al. “Comparison of the Aroma Composition and Sensory Properties of Dark Chocolates Made with Moist Incubated and Fermented Cocoa Beans.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 70, no. 13, Apr. 2022, pp. 4057–65, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238.


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