Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours

André, Amandine; Müller, Nadina; Chetschik, Irene

doi:10.3390/app122010566

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-25928

Publication type:	Article in scientific journal
Type of review:	Peer review (publication)
Title:	Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours
Authors:	André, Amandine Müller, Nadina Chetschik, Irene
et. al:	No
DOI:	10.3390/app122010566 10.21256/zhaw-25928
Published in:	Applied Sciences
Volume(Issue):	12
Issue:	20
Page(s):	10566
Issue Date:	2022
Publisher / Ed. Institution:	MDPI
ISSN:	2076-3417
Language:	English
Subjects:	Enniatin B; Mycotoxin; Wheat; Wheat flour; Zearalenone
Subject (DDC):	664: Food technology
Abstract:	Wheat is one of the world’s key staple foods, but it is often contaminated with mycotoxin-producing microorganisms, resulting in a large amount of food waste every year. The contamination of wheat grains harvested in 2020 and 2021 in Switzerland, as well as of wheat flours bought in local stores with the two mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEA) and enniatin B (ENB) was investigated. The quantification was performed using LC–MS/MS. ZEA, the level in different cereals and food products of which is regulated by law, was detected in half of the grain samples at levels below 100 µg/kg, except for one sample contaminated with 147 µg/kg. No ZEA was detected in the commercial wheat flours. The emerging mycotoxin ENB was detected in all samples of wheat grains and flours, at levels between 3 and 938 µg/kg. The harvest year was shown to affect the ENB content (p value < 0.01), and in particular the humid weather conditions encountered in 2021 during the month of harvest. The refining grade of the flours showed no influence on the contamination by ENB, indicating that the contamination with ENB can occur not only on the surface layers but also on the inner layers on the wheat grain. As chronic exposure to ENB can therefore not be excluded, decontamination solutions are needed to prevent food waste and further improve the food safety of wheat-based products.
URI:	https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/25928
Fulltext version:	Published version
License (according to publishing contract):	CC BY 4.0: Attribution 4.0 International
Departement:	Life Sciences and Facility Management
Organisational Unit:	Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation (ILGI)
Published as part of the ZHAW project:	Strategien zur Reduktion von Mykotoxinen in Getreidenebenproduktströmen
Appears in collections:	Publikationen Life Sciences und Facility Management

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André, A., Müller, N., & Chetschik, I. (2022). Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours. Applied Sciences, 12(20), 10566. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010566

André, A., Müller, N. and Chetschik, I. (2022) ‘Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours’, Applied Sciences, 12(20), p. 10566. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010566.

A. André, N. Müller, and I. Chetschik, “Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 20, p. 10566, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app122010566.

ANDRÉ, Amandine, Nadina MÜLLER und Irene CHETSCHIK, 2022. Occurrence of zearalenone and enniatin B in Swiss wheat grains and wheat flours. Applied Sciences. 2022. Bd. 12, Nr. 20, S. 10566. DOI 10.3390/app122010566

André, Amandine, Nadina Müller, and Irene Chetschik. 2022. “Occurrence of Zearalenone and Enniatin B in Swiss Wheat Grains and Wheat Flours.” Applied Sciences 12 (20): 10566. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010566.

André, Amandine, et al. “Occurrence of Zearalenone and Enniatin B in Swiss Wheat Grains and Wheat Flours.” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 20, 2022, p. 10566, https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010566.