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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3246
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dc.contributor.authorElser, Miriam-
dc.contributor.authorBrem, Benjamin Tobias-
dc.contributor.authorDurdina, Lukas-
dc.contributor.authorSchönenberger, David-
dc.contributor.authorSiegerist, Frithjof-
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Andrea-
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jing-
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-29T08:19:49Z-
dc.date.available2019-05-29T08:19:49Z-
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.issn1680-7324de_CH
dc.identifier.urihttps://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/17181-
dc.description.abstractAircraft engines are a unique source of carbonaceous aerosols in the upper troposphere. There, these particles can more efficiently interact with solar radiation than at ground. Due to the lack of measurement data, the radiative forcing from aircraft exhaust aerosol remains uncertain. To better estimate the global radiative effects of aircraft exhaust aerosol, its optical properties need to be comprehensively characterized. In this work we present the link between the chemical composition and the optical properties of the particulate matter (PM) measured at the engine exit plane of a CFM56-7B turbofan. The measurements covered a wide range of power settings (thrust), ranging from ground idle to take-off, using four different fuel blends of conventional Jet A-1 and hydro-processed ester and fatty acids (HEFA) biofuel. At the two measurement wavelengths (532 and 870 nm) and for all tested fuels, the absorption and scattering coefficients increased with thrust, as did the PM mass. The analysis of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) revealed a significant mass fraction of OC (up to 90 %) at low thrust levels, while EC mass dominated at medium and high thrust. The use of HEFA blends induced a significant decrease in the PM mass and the optical coefficients at all thrust levels. The HEFA effect was highest at low thrust levels, where the EC mass was reduced by up to 50 %–60 %. The variability in the chemical composition of the particles was the main reason for the strong thrust dependency of the single scattering albedo (SSA), which followed the same trend as the fraction of OC to total carbon (TC). Mass absorption coefficients (MACs) were determined from the correlations between aerosol light absorption and EC mass concentration. The obtained MAC values (MAC532=7.5±0.3 m2 g−1 and MAC870=5.2±0.9 m2 g−1) are in excellent agreement with previous literature values of absorption cross section for freshly generated soot. While the MAC values were found to be independent of the thrust level and fuel type, the mass scattering coefficients (MSCs) significantly varied with thrust. For cruise conditions we obtained MSC532=4.5±0.4 m2 g−1 and MSC870=0.54±0.04 m2 g−1, which fall within the higher end of MSCs measured for fresh biomass smoke. However, the latter comparison is limited by the strong dependency of MSC on the particles' size, morphology and chemical composition. The use of the HEFA fuel blends significantly decreased PM emissions, but no changes were observed in terms of EC∕OC composition and radiative properties.de_CH
dc.language.isoende_CH
dc.publisherEuropean Geosciences Unionde_CH
dc.relation.ispartofAtmospheric Chemistry and Physicsde_CH
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/de_CH
dc.subjectAircraft emissionsde_CH
dc.subjectAviationde_CH
dc.subjectBlack carbonde_CH
dc.subjectAlternative fuelde_CH
dc.subject.ddc540: Chemiede_CH
dc.titleChemical composition and radiative properties of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuelsde_CH
dc.typeBeitrag in Magazin oder Zeitungde_CH
dcterms.typeTextde_CH
zhaw.departementSchool of Engineeringde_CH
zhaw.organisationalunitZentrum für Aviatik (ZAV)de_CH
dc.identifier.doi10.21256/zhaw-3246-
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/acp-19-6809-2019de_CH
zhaw.funding.euNode_CH
zhaw.originated.zhawYesde_CH
zhaw.pages.end6820de_CH
zhaw.pages.start6809de_CH
zhaw.publication.statuspublishedVersionde_CH
zhaw.volume19de_CH
zhaw.webfeedMeteorology, Environment and Air Traffic (ZAV)de_CH
zhaw.funding.zhawAGEAIR: Vermessung der Effekte des Mantelstromtriebwerkverschleisses auf die Schadstoffzusammensetzungde_CH
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Elser, M., Brem, B. T., Durdina, L., Schönenberger, D., Siegerist, F., Fischer, A., & Wang, J. (2019). Chemical composition and radiative properties of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuels. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 6809–6820. https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3246
Elser, M. et al. (2019) ‘Chemical composition and radiative properties of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuels’, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, pp. 6809–6820. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3246.
M. Elser et al., “Chemical composition and radiative properties of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuels,” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 19, pp. 6809–6820, 2019, doi: 10.21256/zhaw-3246.
ELSER, Miriam, Benjamin Tobias BREM, Lukas DURDINA, David SCHÖNENBERGER, Frithjof SIEGERIST, Andrea FISCHER und Jing WANG, 2019. Chemical composition and radiative properties of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuels. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019. Bd. 19, S. 6809–6820. DOI 10.21256/zhaw-3246
Elser, Miriam, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Lukas Durdina, David Schönenberger, Frithjof Siegerist, Andrea Fischer, and Jing Wang. 2019. “Chemical Composition and Radiative Properties of Nascent Particulate Matter Emitted by an Aircraft Turbofan Burning Conventional and Alternative Fuels.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19: 6809–20. https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3246.
Elser, Miriam, et al. “Chemical Composition and Radiative Properties of Nascent Particulate Matter Emitted by an Aircraft Turbofan Burning Conventional and Alternative Fuels.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 19, 2019, pp. 6809–20, https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3246.


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