Publication type: Article in scientific journal
Type of review: Peer review (publication)
Title: Associations of form and function of speaking up in anaesthesia : a prospective observational study
Authors: Lemke, Rahel
Burtscher, Michael Josef
Seelandt, Julia C.
Grande, Bastian
Kolbe, Michaela
et. al: No
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014
Published in: British Journal of Anaesthesia
Issue Date: 9-Sep-2021
Publisher / Ed. Institution: Elsevier
ISSN: 0007-0912
1471-6771
Language: English
Subjects: Assertiveness; Group processes; Interaction; Patient safety; Responding; Speaking up
Subject (DDC): 610.73: Nursing
Abstract: Background Speaking up with concerns in the interest of patient safety has been identified as important for the quality and safety of patient care. The study objectives were to identify how anaesthesia care providers speak up, how their colleagues react to it, whether there is an association among speak up form and reaction, and how this reaction is associated with further speak up. Methods Data were collected over 3 months at a single centre in Switzerland by observing 49 anaesthesia care providers while performing induction of general anaesthesia in 53 anaesthesia teams. Speaking up and reactions to speaking up were measured by event-based behaviour coding. Results Instances of speaking up were classified as opinion (59.6%), oblique hint (37.2%), inquiry (30.7%), and observation (16.7%). Most speak up occurred as a combination of different forms. Reactions to speak up included short approval (36.5%), elaboration (35.9%), no verbal reaction (26.3%), or rejection (1.28%). Speaking up was implemented in 89.1% of cases. Inquiry was associated with an increased likelihood of recipients discussing the respective issue (odds ratio [OR]=13.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9–31.5; P<0.0001) and with a decreased likelihood of implementing the speak up during the same induction (OR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.88; P=0.03). Reacting with elaboration to the first speak up was associated with decreased further speak up during the same induction (relative risk [RR]=0.42; 95% CI, 0.21–0.83; P=0.018). Conclusion Our study provides insights into the form and function of speaking up in clinical environments and points to a perceived dilemma of speaking up via questions.
URI: https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/23415
Fulltext version: Published version
License (according to publishing contract): Licence according to publishing contract
Departement: Applied Psychology
Organisational Unit: Psychological Institute (PI)
Appears in collections:Publikationen Angewandte Psychologie

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Lemke, R., Burtscher, M. J., Seelandt, J. C., Grande, B., & Kolbe, M. (2021). Associations of form and function of speaking up in anaesthesia : a prospective observational study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014
Lemke, R. et al. (2021) ‘Associations of form and function of speaking up in anaesthesia : a prospective observational study’, British Journal of Anaesthesia [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014.
R. Lemke, M. J. Burtscher, J. C. Seelandt, B. Grande, and M. Kolbe, “Associations of form and function of speaking up in anaesthesia : a prospective observational study,” British Journal of Anaesthesia, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014.
LEMKE, Rahel, Michael Josef BURTSCHER, Julia C. SEELANDT, Bastian GRANDE und Michaela KOLBE, 2021. Associations of form and function of speaking up in anaesthesia : a prospective observational study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 9 September 2021. DOI 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014
Lemke, Rahel, Michael Josef Burtscher, Julia C. Seelandt, Bastian Grande, and Michaela Kolbe. 2021. “Associations of Form and Function of Speaking up in Anaesthesia : A Prospective Observational Study.” British Journal of Anaesthesia, September. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014.
Lemke, Rahel, et al. “Associations of Form and Function of Speaking up in Anaesthesia : A Prospective Observational Study.” British Journal of Anaesthesia, Sept. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.014.


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